模拟秋茄湿地系统中镍、铜的分布积累与迁移

温室中建立模拟湿地系统。对照组用１５‰的人工海水，污水处理组分别用正常、５倍和１０倍浓度的人工污水定时、定量对模拟系统污灌一年，用于研究Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ在系统中的分配与迁移。结果表明：污水中的Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ主要存留于土壤中，占８８．１３％－９４．１２％；留存于植物体中的占０．１０％－０．３４％；凋落物占０．０２％－０．０９％。由植物吸收的Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ主要分布于根部，分别占总量的３１．０８％－５６．１９％和７．     

Removal of Ni(II) from strongly acidic wastewater by chelating precipitation and recovery of NiO from the precipitates

Strongly acidic wastewater produced in nonferrous metal smelting industries often contains high concentrations of Ni(II), which is a valuable metal. In this study, the precipitation of Ni(II) from strongly acidic wastewater using sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as the precipitant was evaluated. The effects of various factors on precipitation were investigated, and the precipitation mechanism was also identified. Finally, the nickel in the precipitates was recovered following a pyrometallurgical method. The results show that, under optimised conditions (DDTC:Ni(II) molar ratio = 4:1; temperature = 25 °C), the Ni(II) removal efficiency reached 99.3% after 10 min. In strongly acidic wastewater, the dithiocarbamate group of DDTC can react with Ni(II) to form DDTCNi precipitates. Further recovery experiments revealed that high-purity NiO can be obtained by the calcination of DDTCNi precipitates, with the nickel recovery efficiency reaching 98.2%. The gas released during the calcination process was composed of NO₂, CS₂, H₂O, CO₂, and SO₂. These results provide a basis for an effective Ni(II) recovery method from strongly acidic wastewater.     

Ni/Fe双金属降解四氯化碳和四氯乙烯的对比试验

以四氯化碳(CT)和四氯乙烯(PCE)为目标污染物,以批试验方法研究Ni/Fe双金属对CT和PCE的还原性脱氯.结果表明:Ni/Fe双金属可有效去除水中的CT和PCE;Ni/Fe双金属对CT和PCE的降解反应均符合准一级反应动力学方程;在相似的反应条件下,Ni/Fe双金属对CT和PCE脱氯的反应速率常数(kobs)之比为1.48和1.67,说明Ni/Fe双金属对CT的脱氯速率要快于对PCE的脱氯速率;Ni/Fe双金属可对PCE完全脱氯,但对CT脱氯过程中产生少量三氯甲烷(TCM).     

Viability Analysis of Reef Fish Populations Based on Limited Demographic Information

Abstract:  Marine protected areas (MPAs) that allow some degree of artisanal fishing have been proposed to control the overexploitation of marine resources while allowing extraction by local communities. Nevertheless, the management of MPAs is often impaired by the absence of data on the status of their resources. We devised a method to estimate population growth rates with the type of data that are usually available for reef fishes. We used 7 years of spatially explicit abundance data on the leopard grouper ( Mycteroperca rosacea ) in an MPA in the Gulf of California, Mexico, to construct a matrix population model that incorporated the effects of El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation on population dynamics. An environmental model that estimated different demographic estimates for El Niño and La Niña periods performed better than a single-environment model, and a single-habitat model performed better than a model that considered different depths as different habitats. Our results suggest that the population of the leopard grouper off the main island of the MPA is not viable under present conditions. Although the impact of fishing on leopard grouper populations in the MPA has not yet been established, fishing should be closed as a precautionary measure at this island if a priority of the MPA is to ensure the sustainability of its fish populations.     

水中Ni简易快速测量装置的研制

报道研制的一套简易快速测量水中Ni的装置,最低测量浓度0.7mg/L。水样中Ni含量的检测结果与原子吸收光谱法检测的一致。装置构造简单,易于操作。     

Surface characterization of metal oxides-supported activated carbon fiber catalysts for simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide

The sol–gel method was used to synthesize a series of metal oxides-supported activated carbon fiber (ACF) and the simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis activity of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS₂) at relatively low temperatures of 60°C was tested. The effects of preparation conditions on the catalyst properties were investigated, including the kinds and amount of metal oxides and calcination temperatures. The activity tests indicated that catalysts with 5 wt.% Ni after calcining at 400°C (Ni(5)/ACF(400)) had the best performance for the simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis of COS and CS₂. The surface and structure properties of prepared ACF were characterized by scanning electron microscope-energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), carbon dioxide-temperature programmed desorption (CO₂-TPD) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared reflection (DRFTIR). And the metal cation defects were researched by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. The characterization results showed that the supporting of Ni on the ACF made the ACF catalyst show alkaline and increased the specific surface area and the number of micropores, then improved catalytic hydrolysis activity. The DRFTIR results revealed that -OH species could facilitate the hydrolysis of COS and CS₂; -COO and -C–O species could facilitate the oxidation of catalytic hydrolysate H₂S. And the EPR results showed that high calcination temperature conditions provide more active reaction center for the COS and CS₂ adsorption.     

35Cr2Ni4MoA材料表面碳化钨处理耐蚀性研究

目的对比研究35Cr2Ni4Mo A材料的传统镀硬铬和碳化钨WC-10Co-4Cr两种表面处理的耐蚀性能,方法开展35Cr2Ni4Mo A材料两种表面处理的实验室加速腐蚀环境试验,研究两种表面处理腐蚀行为特点。加速腐蚀试验共8个周期,通过蚀坑深度、腐蚀面积、单位面积腐蚀数量等描述35Cr2Ni4Mo A材料表面腐蚀情况。结果试验结果表明,35Cr2Ni4Mo A材料采用碳化钨WC-10Co-4Cr表面处理相较于传统镀硬铬表面处理的耐蚀性好。结论碳化钨WC-10Co-4Cr表面处理有效提高海洋环境下35Cr2Ni4Mo A材料表面耐蚀性能。     

膨润土负载纳米铁/镍还原阿莫西林的环境影响因素研究

采用液相还原法制备膨润土负载纳米铁/镍(Bent-Fe/Ni)用于还原阿莫西林,研究了不同浓度的阴离子(SO2-4、HCO-3)和阳离子(Ca2+、Cu2+)对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林的影响.结果表明,SO2-4、HCO-3浓度对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林的影响较大,当其浓度分别为0和500mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%和21.5%(SO2-4),以及93.7%和5.8%(HCO-3);Ca2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到抑制作用,当其浓度为0和500 mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%和77.8%;低浓度的Cu2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到促进作用,而高浓度的Cu2+对Bent-Fe/Ni还原阿莫西林起到抑制作用,当其浓度为0、10和100 mg·L-1时,阿莫西林的去除率分别为93.7%、94.8%和86.7%.     

有机酸对B-Fe/Ni降解阿莫西林的影响

为了研究水体中的有机酸对B-Fe/Ni（膨润土负载纳米铁/镍）降解阿莫西林的影响,以HA（腐殖酸）和EDTA（乙二胺四乙酸）作为研究对象,系统分析了不同质量浓度HA（0、10、50、100 mg/L）和EDTA（0、10、50、100 mg/L）对B-Fe/Ni降解阿莫西林的影响.以阿莫西林的降解率来考察HA和EDTA对B-Fe/Ni降解阿莫西林的效率产生的影响,并采用SEM（扫描电子显微镜）和XRD（X射线粉末衍射）等手段,探究了这两种有机酸对B-Fe/Ni降解阿莫西林产生影响的原因.结果表明:①当反应时间为10 min时,在HA质量浓度分别为0、10、50、100 mg/L的体系中,阿莫西林的降解率分别为63.6%、88.6%、87.3%、81.8%;②当反应时间为10 min时,在EDTA质量浓度分别为0、10、50、100 mg/L的的体系中,阿莫西林的降解率分别为63.6%、74.3%、65.7%、33.6%;③纳米铁在反应过程中被氧化为铁氧化物或氢氧化物沉淀,形成钝化层.研究显示,HA和EDTA在低质量浓度下会对B-Fe/Ni降解阿莫西林产生促进作用,而在高质量浓度下则会产生抑制作用.